Lisbon: A City of History, Bohemianism, and Surprises
Lisbon is a bustling modern metropolis that has been compared to London. The city boasts numerous places of interest, making it an exciting destination for visitors. The history of Lisbon is vast, from the Roman imperialists to exotic Berber pirates, Moorish builders, and fierce Reconquista knights. This history is reflected in the grand palaces and heritage districts throughout the city. However, Lisbon is not just a city of the past. It also has a bohemian atmosphere and a surprise of the new.
If you’re looking for nightlife, you won’t have to go far as Lisbon has a medley of Fado joints and swish coffee shops in the Bairro Alto district. The Berardo Collection Museum showcases the latest in digital installation art, while the Lisbon Aquarium offers the chance to get up close and personal with a grimacing shark.
If you’re in search of mysticism, the much-vaunted Sintra can be found in the nearby hills. Alternatively, endless stretches of pristine beachfront can be found in the peninsulas around the Tagus Estuary and the Atlantic Coast. With its rich history, bohemian vibe, and endless surprises, Lisbon is a city that truly has it all.
Explore the Torre de Belém
If you only have time to see one landmark during your visit to Lisbon, Portugal, make sure it’s the Torre de Belém.
Rising above the seafront of the Lisbon quays, this impressive tower showcases a fusion of architectural styles from the Mudejar and Moorish to the Gothic and Romanesque.
Constructed in the 16th century under the patronage of Saint John, it has been guarding the mouth of the Tagus River and has become an iconic symbol of the city. It’s also known as the last sight seen by adventurers such as Vasco da Gama before heading out into the vast Atlantic Ocean.
Take a ride on Tram 28
Like San Francisco in the United States, Lisbon is famous for its historic and rattling tram lines. The most iconic of these is Tram 28, which has been winding its way up the steep, cobbled roads of the old Alfama district for decades.
The journey begins at the palm-spotted hills of Graça and passes through the hairpin alleys of Escolas Gerais before arriving at the magnificent Estrela Basilica. From the windows, you can watch the people go about their daily lives and learn about the various majestic palaces and castles that you pass along the route.
Get lost in the Alfama District
Lisbon’s compact Alfama District is reminiscent of the old town centers of other ancient European capitals, such as Rome’s Forum. Although it’s not as old as the Forum, it dates back to the Moors of Africa rather than the kings of Latium.
One of the top activities for visitors to Lisbon is to explore the maze of winding streets and alleys that make up the Alfama District. Along the way, you’ll discover great cathedrals such as the Lisbon Cathedral and tile-fronted chapels on the corners, as well as the remains of old city walls and hidden squares with plenty of al fresco cafes to choose from.
Visit Sintra
If you’re in Portugal’s capital city, veterans will often ask if you’ve visited Sintra. Despite being a separate city located over half an hour away by car, Sintra is a popular attraction for its beautiful scenery and historic landmarks. Many visitors choose to take a day trip, while others opt to stay for a few days to explore the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located high in the Mountains of the Moon, Sintra features stunning baroque churches, colorful mansions, and grand palaces once inhabited by Portuguese royalty.
Admire the Azulejos at the National Tile Museum
Ceramic enthusiasts will tell you that Portugal is the ultimate destination for tile art. Lisbon’s National Tile Museum is a must-see for those interested in the craft. The museum delves into the rich history of tile making and the technologies behind it, from the time when the Moors first introduced it to Iberia. The highlight of the exhibitions are the beautiful blue-hued azulejos, which have gained Portugal its reputation for ceramic craftsmanship. Visitors can marvel at the diverse sizes, designs, and types of azulejos and learn about the development of the enchanting motifs that decorate their cobalt surfaces.
Explore St George’s Castle
St George’s Castle is an iconic landmark in Lisbon’s historic center, towering above the streets of the Alfama District. Built over 2,000 years ago by the Romans, the castle has undergone various developments by subsequent rulers, from the Berbers to the Reconquista knights. Today, visitors can admire its formidable palisades and crenulated towers, as well as its dry moat and other anti-siege features. Upon entering through the large gate, notice the Portuguese royal seal, symbolizing the country’s monarchic strength.
Discover the Monastery of Jerónimos’ Glorious History
A mere glimpse at the ornate spires and grand carvings of the Monastery of Jerónimos reveals its purpose – to commemorate Portugal’s “Age of Exploration.” This massive landmark, situated close to the banks of the Tagus River, showcases the Manueline style, a fusion of architectural designs that represents the cultures encountered by Lisbon’s explorers. The money used to build this structure came from Portugal’s international trade in cloves, cumin, and exotic spices. As another of the city’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the monastery is a must-see for those interested in Portugal’s rich history.
Explore the Lisbon Oceanarium’s Underwater World
Standing in the blue waters of the Tagus Estuary, the enormous Lisbon Oceanarium resembles an aircraft carrier. Inside, visitors can explore countless exhibits related to marine life, attracting over a million visitors each year. Guests can marvel at colorful puffer fish, watch sharks glide by, observe curious moray eels, and meet cuddly penguins. The museum also features interesting collections of sea anemones and corals, along with an artificial boating lagoon where visitors can rent a pedalo on sunny days.
Marvel at the Masterpieces of the National Museum of Ancient Art
The National Museum of Ancient Art houses Portugal’s prestigious national art collection. Visitors can view pieces ranging from pious saintly depictions by Nuno Gonçalves to chiaroscuro portraiture by Josefa de Óbidos. Most of the canvases date from the 16th to the 19th centuries and entered public ownership following the Liberal Wars that rocked the country in the early modern age. Patrons can also enjoy countless traveling exhibitions, with past collections reflecting Lisbon in the Renaissance period and featuring historical paintings from the Age of Discovery. This museum is a must-visit for art enthusiasts and history buffs alike.
Experience the East at the Museum of the Orient
The vast expanse of Portugal’s Renaissance Empire can be seen in far-flung locations like Sri Lanka and Goa. These eastern corners of the empire are showcased at Lisbon’s Museum of the Orient, which is housed in a former fish processing factory and features modern exhibition spaces. The museum’s focus is on all things Asian, including stories of Chinese rituals and seafaring across the South China Sea.
Take a ride on Lisbon’s Funiculars
Similar to Rome, Lisbon is built on seven hills, but the city planners have developed a network of funicular railways to help with transport to and from the neighborhoods above the city. The Ascensor do Lavra, which dates back to the late 1800s and has been designated a national heritage site, is a joy to ride. The Ascensor da Bica winds up tight-knit cobbled lanes off Largo do Calhariz, while the soaring Santa Justa Elevator lifts people from Baixa to Carmo and offers sweeping views of the Lisbon downtown area along the way.
Indulge in the Mercado da Ribeira
Lisbon’s most famous food market has two distinct sections. The downstairs area bustles with local fruit and vegetable sellers offering succulent legumes and Mediterranean fruits every morning of the week. To get the best deals, be sure to arrive early. The upstairs section features modern, often quirky food stalls and cutting-edge eateries where you can sample local specialties such as custard tarts, fine Portuguese wines, and even attempt to conquer a massive francesinha sandwich from Porto in the north.
Spend some time people-watching on Rossio Square
Rossio Square, also known as Pedro IV Square, is a lively hub at the heart of Lisbon’s Lower Town. The square has been a prominent location since medieval times, where public executions and bullfighting events took place. Today, it’s a popular spot for strolling and people-watching. You can relax on the shady benches, observe locals playing dominos in the park, and admire the ornate Baroque fountains.
Explore the contemporary Berardo Collection Museum
Adding to Lisbon’s already impressive array of world-class museums and galleries is the Berardo Collection Museum. This vast institution welcomes over 2.5 million visitors annually. Its eclectic collection ranges from abstract expressionism to digital art installations, neo-realism, and photography. Curators are dedicated to maintaining a cutting-edge collection, with touring exhibitions showcasing works from French avant-garde and European cubism.
Indulge in food and drink in Bairro Alto
Bairro Alto is not only Lisbon’s primary tourist district, but it’s also the city’s top nightlife spot. You may have to wait until evening for the establishments to come alive, but once they do, you’ll find a plethora of al fresco cafes, international restaurants, and authentic pastelaria bakeries. There are also bohemian drinking joints, new breweries, and beatnik-style bars. For a night of artistic passion, there are some old Fado music holes interspersed among the trendy venues.
Experience the Thrills of Surfing at Caxias Beach
Prepare yourself for a thrilling adventure at Caxias Beach, located just west of central Lisbon. Grab your board, wax it down, and dress appropriately for the chilly waters where the Tagus Estuary meets the Atlantic Ocean. This picturesque spot is a popular weekend destination for wave riders in the city, offering challenging left-to-right breaks. For beginners, there are many tour outfitters providing surf lessons to help you catch the perfect swell and escape the city for a day on the beach.
Discover Portuguese Exploration at Padrão dos Descobrimentos
Located on the shore of the Tagus Estuary, the Padrão dos Descobrimentos is an impressive historical monument that celebrates the achievements of Portuguese exploration during the Age of Discovery. Its grand architecture and beige stone have been a fixture since the early 1960s. You can stroll along Santa Maria de Belém and admire the towering landmark, where you’ll see the legendary figures of Vasco da Gama and Prince Henry the Navigator.
Learn about Lisbon’s Past at the Lisboa Story Centre
After exploring the charming districts of Bairro Alto and old Alfama, take a trip to the Lisboa Story Centre for some background on the city’s rich history. This institution, which offers free entry to Lisbon city cardholders, takes visitors on a journey through the earliest years of Portugal’s capital until the present day. Dedicated sections explore the Age of Exploration and the seafarers who departed from the city, including an illuminating exhibit on the devastating earthquake of 1755.
Explore the Regal Gardens of the Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira
Located on the far north-western edge of Lisbon, the Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira dates back to 1681 and is a stunning example of the majestic architecture that flourished in Portugal during the 17th and 18th centuries. Despite its remote location, the palace is easily accessible and offers visitors a glimpse into the city’s former glory. Once the home of the Marquis of Fronteira, the estate was granted to him for his loyalty to the Portuguese royal family during the mid-17th century Restoration War.
Experience Natural Beauty at Tróia Peninsula
The journey to the Tróia Peninsula, which lies on the other side of both the Tagus River Estuary and the Sado River Estuary, takes about two hours, but the effort is rewarded with miles of sparkling beaches along the Atlantic Coast. The Tróia region boasts some of the top beachfronts in the Lower Alentejo, with soft yellow sands and surprisingly calm seas for this western section of the country. Visitors can also spot bottlenose dolphins on regular tours that depart from Tróia, while the beautiful Parque Natural da Arrábida can be seen on the headlands opposite.
Go Beach Hopping on the Costa da Caparica
The acclaimed summer resort of Costa da Caparica is just a short drive across the Ponte de Abril on the Tagus River. Situated on the northern fringes of the Sétubal district, it provides unparalleled access to some of the best sandy beaches near the capital. Visitors can explore empty stretches of acacia-backed dunes and swaying sea grasses, all washed over by challenging surf. The more visited beaches are closest to the town, while a narrow-gauge railway takes travelers to secluded coves and sunbathing spots further along the coast.
Experience Seafood and Sun in Cascais
If you’re seeking a break from the hustle and bustle of downtown Lisbon, Cascais offers a serene and picturesque escape. This quaint fishing village on the Atlantic coast, located to the west of the city, has been transformed into a stylish beach resort thanks to the arrival of affluent Lisboans seeking sand, sea, and sun. The area boasts three stunning bays, each backed by rocky cliffs, as well as some of the region’s finest seafood restaurants. For surfing, head to the wave-packed Guincho beach along the headland.
Hone Your Bargaining Skills at Feira da Ladra
For an eclectic collection of quirky, curious, and sometimes bizarre trinkets and antiques, visit the sprawling Feira da Ladra market, open midweek and weekends. The lively market dates back to the 12th century, and it’s easy to imagine the array of gypsy traders and talisman dealers who once peddled their wares on the sidewalks of Campo de Santa Clara. Arrive early for a chance to score something worthwhile, and ride the historic Tram 28 to reach the market.
Admire the Aqueduto das Águas Livres
One of Lisbon’s most iconic landmarks is the Aqueduto das Águas Livres, an awe-inspiring series of stone arches and Italianesque architecture built in the mid-18th century to address the city’s perennial water shortages. The aqueduct seamlessly blends with the Gothic revivalism of Lisbon’s city center, and the section over the rooftops of the Amoreiras district is particularly striking. The Water Museum chronicles the development of this magnificent engineering feat.
Explore the Basílica da Estrela
As you disembark from the rattling Tram 28, you’ll immediately notice the stunning domes and spires of the Basílica da Estrela. Considered one of Lisbon’s most beautiful churches and convents, this iconic landmark boasts a Late Baroque exterior dominated by two carved spires that pierce the sky. Inside, colored stone inlays create a kaleidoscopic effect, and visitors can view the tomb of Queen Mary I of Portugal.
